Native to the Middle East, east Asia, Egypt, and the Caucuses.
Christopher Columbus introduced wheat to the Americas in the 15th century.
Wheat did not become the predominant bread grain until the 18th century.
The Oxford Companion to Food. 3rd ed., by Alan Davidson and edited by Tom Jaine (2014)
“Triticum” from Kew Science Plants of the World Online https://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni:names:30034910-2